December 17, 2024
"I found this to be an interesting read, with many great points and clarifications. Jeff's vision has been a benefit to all cheerleaders across the globe. I recommend giving this a read." ~Cole Stott Letter from Jeff Webb
Founder, Varsity Spirit
President, International Cheer Union I have been asked to address the October 22 article on cheerleading in The New York Times Magazine. As a backdrop, let me begin by saying that the reporter viewed cheerleading and its development through a negative lens. While I agree there is always more that can be done to move our sport forward in a positive way, the article frankly misrepresented some important facts about how modern cheerleading developed and why. So let me provide my own historical perspective. What began 50 years ago as a simple idea to change a traditional school activity has become a global reality. Millions of young people around the world participate in cheerleading, and our governing body, the International Cheer Union, is now even recognized by the International Olympic Committee. The industry we built includes thousands of dedicated professional coaches, gym owners, judges and choreographers, alongside millions of athletes. While challenges remain, the collective impact of our work is undeniable. When I founded UCA (Varsity’s predecessor organization) in 1974, my young team and I were pioneering the use of stunts and pyramids to modernize cheerleading and to increase its athleticism and entertainment value. We developed climbing, bracing, and transitional techniques that allow teams to perform the exciting routines seen in Cheer today around the world. As we experimented with new approaches and transitions, some proved unsafe for many teams to execute consistently, so we banned them. Examples include mini-tramp, three-high pyramids and double back flips in basket tosses. We were pioneering a new sport, and specific safety standards evolved as the sport evolved. This is how almost all sports develop (for example, batting helmets weren’t originally used in baseball, and football has rules that now specifically protect a vulnerable quarterback). Again, while not every new idea we tried worked, safety was always at the forefront of our decisions. Originally there was only school cheerleading. All-Star did not really take off until the mid 1990s. As a private company, Varsity lacked the authority to require schools to follow our safety rules, so we created a nonprofit organization (AACCA) and hired the nation’s leading sports safety expert to develop the first comprehensive manual and program to guide cheerleading nationwide. The nonprofit was established to ensure there was no "profit motive" influencing the rules. In fact, Varsity contributed significantly to develop this program, which had a profound impact on cheerleading safety across the U.S. It was adopted by many state athletic associations and became the basis for the National High School Federation’s safety program. The NCAA also adopted its principles. The article included a quote from Dennis Worley referring to “the wild west.” Dennis was specifically describing the early days of All-Star cheerleading, not the broader cheerleading landscape as the reporter implied. In the early days of All-Star, there were no universally accepted rules, and individual event companies often had their own. This lack of standardization led to an increase in injuries, as reported in emergency room surveys. However, the injuries were categorized under “cheerleading” as a whole without distinguishing between school and All-Star segments. To address this, Varsity and two other companies established the US All Star Federation (USASF) to enhance safety in the new All-Star segment of cheerleading. USASF developed safety rules, invited other competitors to participate as members, and introduced events like “Worlds” to incentivize compliance. This initiative took years, substantial effort, and millions of dollars in investment from Varsity to bring structure and safety to All-Star cheerleading. Today, USASF operates independently, thanks in large part to the resources provided by this effort. Keep in mind that some have questioned the reliability of the primary survey the reporter relied on to portray cheerleading as inherently dangerous. In fact, in 2023 the Consumer Products Safety Commission showed fewer emergency room visits for cheerleading than soccer, volleyball, softball and girls’ basketball. Nevertheless, the work of ensuring our athletes are as safe as possible must continue to evolve as Cheer evolves. This includes constant evaluation of where injuries occur, establishing their cause, and then taking whatever steps are necessary to improve safety. As we go forward, it is important that everyone involved in our sport focus on this as our top priority. Regarding competition and Varsity’s portrayal as overly aggressive – frankly, business is inherently competitive. I don’t know of instances where Varsity intentionally targeted other events, but I do understand the company’s desire for strategic expansion. Successful companies play to win, and that’s part of building something that lasts. That said, I’ve always believed the industry is strongest when customers have a variety of options. Ultimately, customers decide where to go based on perceived value—quality, service, and cost—and they vote with their feet and wallets. The article also attempted to paint a negative picture of my relationship with Lawrence Herkimer, founder of NCA. When I resigned from NCA in 1974, it was because I felt the organization wasn’t prepared to embrace the changes I believed were vital for cheerleading’s future. I left on good terms and, at Herkie’s request, even stayed through the summer to run many of NCA’s largest camps. When I started my own organization, I reached out to 20 instructor friends to see if they wanted to embark on this new adventure with me. These individuals, none of whom were under contract to NCA, took a chance on a fledgling start-up with no guarantee of success. I have always been grateful for their courage and commitment. There was also a comment in the article about a rumor that I had sent a wreath and an “I will bury you” note to Herkie after I resigned. This is a complete fabrication. I wished Herkie and NCA no ill will. I simply wanted to pursue my vision for cheerleading. Even as competitors, Herkie and I maintained a cordial relationship over the years. And when Varsity and NCA merged in 2004, he was extremely supportive of the new combined entity and worked closely with me to ensure a smooth transition to “one company.” The reporter’s characterization of my comments comparing cheerleading to chess and billiards was also misleading. It was during a 2012 court case on Title IX compliance and contrasting the athleticism of U.S. cheerleading to the international definition of sport, which includes less athletic endeavors such as chess and billiards. The reporter flatly misrepresented my position. Regarding abuse allegations in our industry, it’s true that no sport or youth activity is immune to isolated incidents involving bad actors. I firmly believe such behavior must be addressed swiftly and decisively. And while even one is too many, I believe that these instances are the exception, not the rule. The vast majority of individuals in cheerleading at all levels are dedicated to fostering a positive and safe environment for athletes. On the topic of expense, like many youth sports, cheerleading offers a range of participation levels. School and recreational cheerleading are relatively affordable, while high-level competitive All-Star cheerleading can be more costly due to competition fees, travel, custom uniforms, gym fees, and other factors. The decision of where and how to participate is made solely by the parents and the athletes, and I think it is healthy that a wide array of choices exists. I do wish cheerleading at all levels could be accessible to every family. We must work collectively to explore ways to reduce financial barriers. In conclusion, have things been perfect over the past 50 years of modern cheerleading? Of course not. But from its inception, our efforts were about building something new and extraordinary—not about profit. We made mistakes, learned, and grew, with the singular goal of creating an athletic, entertaining, and fun sport. To critics who prefer to view our sport through a negative lens, I encourage you to see the bigger picture. As millions of young athletes will attest, cheerleading fosters teamwork, builds character, and enriches the lives of its participants. I remain as committed as I was 50 years ago to this incredible sport and to the athletes, parents, and professionals who make it what it is today. To my colleagues, coaches, gym owners, and athletes—thank you for helping to make this dream a reality. Here’s to the future of cheerleading and all we can accomplish together.